2. Which of the following ions interferes with the action of detergents in hard water?
Na+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Ca2+ and Mg2+
Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+

3. Choose the solid that forms the most covalent bonds.
Be(s)
Mg(s)
Ca(s)
Sr(s)
Ba(s)

4. Which group contains an element that forms the basis for geological materials and an element that forms the basis for biomolecules?
Group 1A
Group 4A
Group 5A
Group 7A
Group 1A, 4A, 5A, and 7A

5. Choose the element with the smallest ionization energy:
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs

6. Reacts with O₂ to form compounds with the general formula M₂O₃
Group 1A
Group 2A
Group 3A
Group 7A
Group 8A

7. Choose the element whose ion has the largest concentration inside a human cell.
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs

8. Choose the element with the highest melting point.
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs

9. Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in acqueous solution.
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs

10. Choose the metal that is found in the mineral dolomite.
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
all of these

11. Pick the most basic oxide in aqueous solution.
BeO
CO₂
BaO
SO₃
Al₂O₃

12. In a given period this group has the element with the smallest ionization energy.
Group 1A
Group 2A
Group 3A
Group 7A
Group 8A

13. Which group contains two elements that exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation states due to the inert pair effects?
Group 1A
Group 3A
Group 4A
Group 5A
Group 7A

14. Choose the metal with the largest first ionization energy.
Na
Mg
Al
K
Ca

15. Which of the following has the highest melting point?
Sr(s)
Be(s)
Mg(s)
Ca(s)
Ba(s)

16. In period 3, as the atomic number increases, the pattern by which the properties of the element changes is:
nonmetal to metalloid to metal to noble gas
metal to metalloid to nonmetal to noble gas
nonmetal to metal to noble gas to metalloid
metal to nonmetal to noble gas to metalloid

17. The strongest reducing agent in the alkali metals is:
K
Na
Cs
Fr
Li

18. Choose the compound with the lowest boiling point.
SnF₄
SnCl₄
SnBr₄
SnI₄
All are the same

19. Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in the gas phase.
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs

20. In a given period this group has the element with the smallest atomic radius.
Group 1A
Group 2A
Group 3A
Group 7A
Group 8A

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