| Types of
Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry |
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| Determining Molarity: |
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Molarity and Volume:
(M1 is the molarity of solution one, which has a volume of V1.
M2 is the molarity of solution two, which has a volume of V2.) |
M1V1 = M2V2 |
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| Gas Laws |
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The Ideal Gas Law:
(P = pressure in atm, V = volume in liters, n = moles, R = 0.082058 L*atm/mol*K,
T = temperature in Kelvins) |
PV = nRT |
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| Boyle's Law: |
PV = K |
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| Charles Law: |
K = V/T |
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Derivative of the Ideal Gas Law:
(MW = molecular weight, d = density) |
MW = dRT / P |
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Root Mean Square:
(R = 8.3145 J/ K * mol, M = mass of a mole of the gas in kg) |
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| Rate of Effusion: |
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| Van der Waal's Equation: |
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| Thermochemistry: |
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| (q = heat at constant temp) |
D E = q + w |
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| (w = work) |
W = -PDV |
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DH = DE + D(PV) |
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| c = heat capacity |
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s = specific heat capacity
m = mass of solution |
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Relationship between frequency and wavelength
(c = 2.99979 x 108 m/s) |
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| (n = integer, h = Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10-34
J*s) |
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| Energy per photon: |
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| Equation for special theory of relativity: |
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| Calculating Zeff |
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| de Broglie's equation: |
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| Bonding: |
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| (Q is charge of ions, r shortest distance between centers of
the cations and anions) |
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Calculating lattice energy
(k is proportionality constant, Q is charge of ions, r = shortest distance
between centers of the cations and anions) |
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| Bond Order: |
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| Formal Charge: |
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| Liquids and
Solids: |
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
(R = 8.3145 J/K mol) |
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| Solutions: |
| Molality: |
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Psoln: vapor pressure of the solution
Xsolvent: mole fraction of solvent
Psolvent: vapro pressure of pure solvent |
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| Mass Percent: |
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| Modified osmotic pressure formula for electrolytes |
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Henry's Law
P: partial pressure of gaseous solute
C: concentration of dissolved gas
k: constant |
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Boiling point elevation
m: molality
Kb: constant |
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Freezing Point Depression
m: molality
Kf: constant |
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p: osmotic pressure
M: molarity
R: 0.082616 L*atm/K*mol |
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| van't Hoff factor |
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Modified for electrolyte solutions
m: molality
K: freezing/boiling point constant |
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| Chemical
Kinetics: |
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Zero Order |
First Order |
Second Order |
| Rate Law |
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| Integrated Rate Law |
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| Half-life |
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| General Rate Law: |
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Arrhenius Equation
the whole e^(stuff) equation represents the fraction of collisions with sufficient energy
to produce a rxn |
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| Derived Arrhenius Equation |
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| Chemical
Equilibrium: |
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| Calculating Equilibrium Constant: |
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| Dn = coefficients of gaseous
products - coefficients gaseous reactants |
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| Acids and
Bases: |
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Equilibrium Expressions:
HA <--> H+ + A- |
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| % Dissociation |
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| Spontaneity,
Gibbs Free Energy: |
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| Gibbs Free Energy: |
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| Electrochemistry: |
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| n = number of moles of electrons transferred |
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Nernst Equation
F = faraday's constant
n = number of electrons |
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