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Glossary:
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases
Decomposition potential the minimum voltage necessary to cause electrolysis to take place
Degenerate orbitals a group of orbitals with the same energy
Dehydrogenation reaction a reaction in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from adjacent carbons of a saturated hydrocarbon, giving an unsaturated hydrocarbon
Delocalized electrons electrons in a resonance hybrid that are not localized, as shown by a single Lewis structure
Delocalized pi bond a pi bond that encompasses more than two atomic nuclei in a resonance hybrid
Denaturation the breaking down of the three-dimensional structure of a protein resulting in the loss of its function
Denitrification the return of nitrogen from decomposed matter to the atmosphere by bacteria that change nitrates to nitrogen gas
Density a property of matter representing the mass per unit volume
Deoxyribonucleic acid a huge nucleotide polymer having a double helical structure with complementary bases on the two strands. Its major functions are protein synthesis and the storage and transport of genetic information
Desalination the removal of dissolved salts from an aqueous solution
Dialysis a phenomenon in which a semipermeable membrane allows transfer of both solvent molecules and small solute molecules and ions
Diamagnetism a type of magnetism, associated with paired electrons, that cuases a substance to be repelled from the inducing magnetic field
Differential rate law an expression that gives the rate of a reaction as a function of concentrations; often called the rate law
Diffraction the scattering of light from a regular array of points or lines, proeducing constructive and destructive interference
Diffusion the mixing of gases
Dimer a molecule formed by joining the two identical monomers
Dipole-dipole moment a relatively weak attraction between molecules that are permanent dipoles
Direct reduction furnace a furnace in which iron oxide is reduced to ion metal using milder reaction conditions than in a blast furnace
Disaccharide a sugar formed from two monosaccharides joined by a glycoside linkage
Disproportionation reaction an oxidation -reduction reaction in which one element is both oxidized and reduced
Dissociation constance the equilibrium constant for the ionization reactoin of a weak acid or a weak base
Distillation the process of vaporizing a liquid followed by condensation of the vapor as a method of purifying the liquid
Disulfide linking an S-S bond that stabilizes the tertiary structure of many proteins
Double bond a covalent bond composed of two pairs of shared electrons
Downs cell a cell used for electrolyzing molten sodium chloride
Dry cell battery a voltaic cell containing no liquid phases
Dual nature of light the statement that light exhibits both wave and particle properties
Ductile capable of being drawn into a thin shape such as a wire
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